Guillain Barre Syndrome - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Methods

Guillain-Barre syndrome (also known as acuteacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
inflammatory or post-infectivePeople with severe GBS often need long-term
polyradiculoneuropathy) is a rare but seriousrehabilitation to regain normal independence, and
disease of the peripheral nervous system. GBSas many as 15 percent experience lasting physical
can affect anybody. It can strike at any age andimpairment.
both are equally prone to the disorder. It oftenCauses of Guillain-Barre syndrome
follows a minor infection, usually a respiratoryThe common causes and risk factor's of
(lung) infection or gastrointestinal (gut) infection. ItGuillain-Barre syndrome include the following:
can become life-threatening if the respiratoryThe exact cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome is
muscles are affected. GBS is believed to resultunknown.
from an autoimmune response, both humoral andInfectious mononucleosis.
cell mediated, to a recent infection or any of aAdministration of certain vaccinations, and other
long list of medical problems. The syndrome maysystemic illnesses.
occur at any age, but is most common in peoplePorphyria (rare disease of red blood cells).
of both between the ages 30 and 50. It isViral infections include cytomegalovirus,
frequently severe and usually exhibits as anEbstein-Barr virus, and during seroconversion with
ascending paralysis noted by weakness in the legsthe human immunodeficiency virus.
that spreads to the upper limbs and the faceBacterial infections include C jejuni, Haemophilus
along with complete loss of deep tendon reflexes.influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Borrelia
Adults are more commonly affected than children.burgdorferi.
Otherwise, recovery takes several months, butSymptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome
most people recover almost completely. In someSome sign and symptoms related to Guillain-Barre
cases, GBS can be fatal. The first symptoms ofsyndrome are as follows:
this disorder include varying degrees of weaknessThe first symptoms of GBS are usually numbness
or tingling sensations in the legs. In manyor tingling (paresthesia) in the toes and fingers.
instances, the weakness and abnormal sensationsWeakness, tingling or loss of sensation that often
spread to the arms and upper body. It may occurbegins in your feet and legs and spreads to your
within days or weeks after a viral infection suchupper body and arms.
as influenza (flu) or diarrhea. It may be triggeredDifficulty with eye movement, facial movement,
by pregnancy or a medical procedure, such as aspeaking, chewing or swallowing.
vaccination or minor surgery, or have no evidentSensation changes.
reason for developing. Because the cause of GBSNumbness, decreased sensation.
is unknown, there's no way to prevent theDrooling.
disease from occurring.Difficulty breathing.
The most compelling case for a direct relationDifficulty moving face muscles.
between the Guillain-Barre Syndrome andClumsiness and falling.
preceding infections derives from experience withTingling sensations.
the enteric pathogen CampylobacterTreatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome
jejuni.Guillain-Barré occurs a few days orHere is list of the methods for treating
weeks after the patient has had symptoms of aGuillain-Barre syndrome:
respiratory or gastrointestinal viral infection. InPlasmapheresis (plaz-muh-fuh-RE-sis): This
most cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome the persontreatment- also known as plasma exchange- is a
had a virus or bacterial infection in the last fourtype of "blood cleansing" in which damaging
weeks. The disorder can develop over the courseantibodies are removed from your blood.
of hours or days, or it may take up to three toHigh-dose immunoglobulin therapy is another
four weeks. Usually Occasionally, surgery orprocedure used to reduce the severity and length
vaccinations will trigger the syndrome. In its mostof Guillain-Barre symptoms.
severe form, GBS is a medical emergency andABCs, IV, oxygen, and assisted ventilation may
may require hospitalization. The inflammationbe indicated.
usually affects the nerve's covering. Such damageIn high-dose immunoglobulin therapy, doctors give
is called demyelination. Some CIDP patientsintravenous injections of the proteins that, in small
experience periods of worsening andquantities, the immune system uses naturally to
improvement, and individual relapses are oftenattack invading organisms.
confused with GBS. Some primary care physiciansYour treatment also may include pain medications
have described patients who complained of mildincluding acetaminophen and nonsteroidal
brief tingling and/or limb weakness accompanyinganti-inflammatory drugs, possibly in combination
or following a viral illness, such as a sore throat orwith narcotic painkillers.
diarrhea. Such a set of symptoms may representProper body positioning or a feeding tube may be
a very mild form of GBS. Most people recoverused to prevent choking during feeding.
from even the most severe cases of GBS. ThereBlood thinners may be used to prevent blood
are several types of GBS, but unless otherwiseclots.
stated, GBS refers to the most common form,