| Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome is
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| | 1.Vomiting.
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| defined group A streptococcal infection.
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| | 2.Sunburn-like rash.
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| It is associated with the early onset of
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| | 3.Diarrhoea.
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| shock and organ failure. It can be
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| | 4.Fever.
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| caused by one of two different types of
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| | 5.Muscle aches.
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| bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and
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| | 6.Dizziness.
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| Streptococcus pyogenes. This bactria
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| | 7.Confusion.
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| affects the whole body. Staphylococcus
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| | Treatment of Toxic Shock Syndrome
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| can produce toxins. In some people whose
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| | 1.Toxin production: Drain or debride the
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| bodies can't fight these toxins, the
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| | lesion, remove foreign material, and
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| immune system reacts. Most often STSS
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| | irrigate copiously. Recent surgical
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| appears after streptococcus bacteria have
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| | wounds should be explored and irrigated
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| invaded areas of injured skin, such as
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| | even when signs of inflammation are
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| cuts and scrapes, surgical wounds, and
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| | absent.
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| even chickenpox blisters. It almost never
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| | 2. Aggressive fluid resuscitation: Loss
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| follows a simple streptococcus throat
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| | of fluid into the extravascular
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| infection (strep throat). The symptoms of
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| | compartment can be very substantial.
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| TSS include sudden high fever, a faint
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| | Maintenance of cardiac filling pressures
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| feeling, watery diarrhea, headache, and
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| | is critical in order to prevent end organ
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| muscle aches. If your child has these
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| | damage. Adult patients with TSS have
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| symptoms, it's important to call your
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| | required up to 10 L of fluid in the first
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| child's doctor right away.
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| | 24 hr.
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| S. aureus commonly colonizes skin and
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| | 3. Administration of antistaphylococcal
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| mucous membranes in humans. TSS has been
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| | antibiotics: Semisynthetic penicillins
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| associated with use of tampons
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| | have been widely used for TSS.
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| contraceptive devices in women. In the
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| | Recommends treating suspected TSS
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| United States, annual incidence is 1-2
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| | patients with clindamycin (900 mg i.v.
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| 100,000 women 15-44 years of age.Other
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| | every 8 hours for adults; 13 mg/kg i.v.
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| risk factors for toxic shock syndrome
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| | every 8 hours for children), either alone
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| include skin wounds and surgery. Signs
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| | or in combination with a cell wall active
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| and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome
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| | agent (semisynthetic penicillin or
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| develop suddenly, and the disease can be
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| | vancomycin). If the diagnosis of TSS is
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| fatal. Almost every organ system can be
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| | initially uncertain, broader empiric
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| involved, including the cardiovascular,
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| | coverage is appropriate.
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| renal, skin, mucosa, GI, musculoskeletal,
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| | 4.General supportive care: Intensive care
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| hepatic, hematologic, and central nervous
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| | monitoring is often indicated. Replete
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| systems. Toxins produced by the staph or
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| | calcium and magnesium; provide
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| strep bacteria and accompanying
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| | ventilatory, pressor, and inotropic
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| hypotension may result in kidney failure.
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| | support; manage rhabdomyolysis, renal
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| If your kidneys fail, you may need
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| | dysfunction, and / or coagulopathy.
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| dialysis. Always use a tampon with the
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| | 5.Administration of pooled human
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| lowest absorbancy suitable for your
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| | immunoglobin: This should be reserved for
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| period flow and use a sanitary towel or
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| | refractory cases or cases associated with
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| panty liner from time to time during your
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| | an undrainable focus of infection. All
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| period.
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| | commercial immunoglobulin preparations
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| Causes of Toxic Shock Syndrome
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| | contain high levels of anti-TSST-1
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| 1.Use of superabsorbent tampons.
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| | antibody. A single infusion of 400 mg/kg
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| 2.Postpartum toxic shock.
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| | i.v. will generate a protective titre in
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| 3.Nasal packing.
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| | a nonimmune patient
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| 4.Common bacterial infections.
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| | 6.Toxins produced by the staph or strep
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| 5.Viral infection with influenza A or
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| | bacteria and accompanying hypotension may
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| varicella.
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| | result in kidney failure. If your kidneys
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| 6.Diabetes mellitus.
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| | fail, you may need dialysis.
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| Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome
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