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Toxic Shock Syndrome - Definition, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome is 1.Vomiting.
defined group A streptococcal infection. 2.Sunburn-like rash.
It is associated with the early onset of 3.Diarrhoea.
shock and organ failure. It can be 4.Fever.
caused by one of two different types of 5.Muscle aches.
bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and 6.Dizziness.
Streptococcus pyogenes. This bactria 7.Confusion.
affects the whole body. Staphylococcus Treatment of Toxic Shock Syndrome
can produce toxins. In some people whose 1.Toxin production: Drain or debride the
bodies can't fight these toxins, the lesion, remove foreign material, and
immune system reacts. Most often STSS irrigate copiously. Recent surgical
appears after streptococcus bacteria have wounds should be explored and irrigated
invaded areas of injured skin, such as even when signs of inflammation are
cuts and scrapes, surgical wounds, and absent.
even chickenpox blisters. It almost never 2. Aggressive fluid resuscitation: Loss
follows a simple streptococcus throat of fluid into the extravascular
infection (strep throat). The symptoms of compartment can be very substantial.
TSS include sudden high fever, a faint Maintenance of cardiac filling pressures
feeling, watery diarrhea, headache, and is critical in order to prevent end organ
muscle aches. If your child has these damage. Adult patients with TSS have
symptoms, it's important to call your required up to 10 L of fluid in the first
child's doctor right away. 24 hr.
S. aureus commonly colonizes skin and 3. Administration of antistaphylococcal
mucous membranes in humans. TSS has been antibiotics: Semisynthetic penicillins
associated with use of tampons have been widely used for TSS.
contraceptive devices in women. In the Recommends treating suspected TSS
United States, annual incidence is 1-2 patients with clindamycin (900 mg i.v.
100,000 women 15-44 years of age.Other every 8 hours for adults; 13 mg/kg i.v.
risk factors for toxic shock syndrome every 8 hours for children), either alone
include skin wounds and surgery. Signs or in combination with a cell wall active
and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome agent (semisynthetic penicillin or
develop suddenly, and the disease can be vancomycin). If the diagnosis of TSS is
fatal. Almost every organ system can be initially uncertain, broader empiric
involved, including the cardiovascular, coverage is appropriate.
renal, skin, mucosa, GI, musculoskeletal, 4.General supportive care: Intensive care
hepatic, hematologic, and central nervous monitoring is often indicated. Replete
systems. Toxins produced by the staph or calcium and magnesium; provide
strep bacteria and accompanying ventilatory, pressor, and inotropic
hypotension may result in kidney failure. support; manage rhabdomyolysis, renal
If your kidneys fail, you may need dysfunction, and / or coagulopathy.
dialysis. Always use a tampon with the 5.Administration of pooled human
lowest absorbancy suitable for your immunoglobin: This should be reserved for
period flow and use a sanitary towel or refractory cases or cases associated with
panty liner from time to time during your an undrainable focus of infection. All
period. commercial immunoglobulin preparations
Causes of Toxic Shock Syndrome contain high levels of anti-TSST-1
1.Use of superabsorbent tampons. antibody. A single infusion of 400 mg/kg
2.Postpartum toxic shock. i.v. will generate a protective titre in
3.Nasal packing. a nonimmune patient
4.Common bacterial infections. 6.Toxins produced by the staph or strep
5.Viral infection with influenza A or bacteria and accompanying hypotension may
varicella. result in kidney failure. If your kidneys
6.Diabetes mellitus. fail, you may need dialysis.
Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome




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